Aaj tak duniya bhar mein jitne bhi war huye hai usse kisi ka bhi koi faida nhi hua hai, jo team harti hai uske bhi sena ke log marte hai aur jo team jeet ti hai uske bhi log marte hai. Hamare itihaas mein kai saare aise war bhi huye hai jiska koi hisaab nhi hai ya toh uss war ne sabse sabka sab kuch chinna hai ya sab kuch barbaad kar ke rakh diya hai. War ne aaj tak barbaadi ke alawa kisi ko kuch aur diya hi nhi hai jaise ki Mughal – Maratha war issne bhi inke logo se bahut kuch chinn kar unhe hamesha ke liye rone ke liye chor diya hai. Mughal – Maratha war ko log kabhi kabhi Deccan war, independence of Maratha war aur 27 saal ka war bhi kaha jata hai kyuki ye war 1680 se unn sab logo ke marne tak chalti rahi. Yeh war 1680 mein Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ke bijapur mein maratha enclave par hamla karke shuru kiya gaya tha, jisse maratha me neta Shivaji ne shuru kiya tha. Ye war ek aisa war tha jisme takriban har saal 1 lakh se jada Mughal sainiko ki maut ho jaati thi yaha tak ki iss se 3 guna jada maute toh war mein istemaal kiye jaane waale jaanwaron ki hoti jaise Ghode, haathiyo aur waise janwar jo bojh uthaya karte the.
Saal 1681 ke first half mein kai Mughal tukdiyon ko wartamaan Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka aur Madhya Pradesh mein maratha kilo ko gherne aur unn par hamla karne ke liye bheja gaya tha, jab Aurangzeb ne dekha ki Chhatrapati Sambhaji ne unke dushman ke bete Sultan Mohammad Akbar ko rehne ke liye anpne kiley mein jagah diye hai jiske wajah se Aurangzeb naraj ho gaya aur Sambhaji par hamla karne ke pahele toh usne Mewar ke saahi gharo se chal rahi problem ko solve kiya aur sidha apni Deccan ki yatra shuru kar di. Wo chalte chalte apne Mughal ka headquarter jo ki Aurangabad mein hai waha pahuche aur usse hi apni rajdhani bana li usne aur ussi rajdhani mein uske apne tukdiyon mein lag bhag 5 lakh se upar ke logon ko jor liya. Saal 1682 ke annt tak Mughal sena ne fort Ramsej ko gher liya tha lekin Maratha ne iss hamle ke aage haar nhi maana aur unhone iss hamle ka aache se swagat kiya tha phir bhi Mughal ko fort ko lene mein 7 saal lag gaye the. December saal 1681 mein Sambhaji ne Janjira par hamla kiya lekin unki paheli koshish fail ho gayi aur ussi samay Aurangzeb ke senapatiyo mein se ek Hussain Ali Khan ne northern Konkan par hamla kar diya tha, Sambhaji ne Janjira ko chor kar Hussain Ali par hamla kiya aur usse Ahmednagar wapas bhej diya. Aurangzeb ne Portuguese se deal ki wo goa se ships ko aane jaane dega aur saari trade wahi se ho gi , jab ye baat Sambhaji ko pata chali toh unhone Aurangzeb ko rokne ki khub koshish ki lekin saal 1683 mein Aurangzeb, Ahmednagar chala gaya tha, usne apni sena ko do bhaago mein baat diya tha aur apne do raajkumaro, Shah Alam aur Azam Shah ko alag alag jagah par head bana kar bhej diya. Dono raajkumaro ne milakar puri koshish ki Goa aur decaan par hamla karne ki lekin Maratha ke sena unnhe issme bahut pareshan karne lage. Aurangzeb bhi samjh gaya tha ki Maratha jhukne waalo mein se nhi hai toh usne Ruhulla Khan ko apne bachao ke liye bula liya tha.
Kuch waqt rukne ke baad Aurangzeb ne saal 1684 mein monsoon kahtam hone ke baad phir se apne senapati Shahbuddin khan ne sidha Maratha ki Rajdhani Raigad par hamla kar diya tha , maratha ne apni jee Jaan laga kar Raigad ki raksha ki. Aurangzeb jisse bhi bhejta Raigad par hamla karne Maratha Sena usse mu thod jawab dete the. Jab maratha sena ki dusri team ne Pachad mein Shahbuddin khan par hamla kiya toh Mughal sena ki kaafi jada hi nuksaan hui. Jab saal 1685 mein dakshin se Aurangzeb ne hamla kiya toh iss baar bhi Martha sena ne usse haar maan ne par majbur kar diya aur usse wapas jana pada, lekin Aurangzeb kuch dino baad wapas aaya aur iss baar wo kaafi aachi plan bana kar aaya aur iss baar usne Siva ji patni aur unke pote ko apne hiraasat mein le liya aur unhe 20 saal tak bandi bana kar rakha. Saal 1688 mein Sambhaji ne apne commanders ko bulwaya taaki wo sab milkar Aurangzeb ko Deccan se nikal pheke lekin isme Sambhaji ka sala deshdrohi nikla aur wo Aurangzeb ke senapati Muqarrab khan ko saari planning ke baare mein bata diya tha jiske kaaran 1 February saal 1689 ko Sambhaji ko capture kar liya gaya tha, Marathao ne unhe bachane ki khub koshish ki lekin wo unhe chorwa nhi paaye. Jab Aurangzeb ne Sambhaji ko apni puri bhari sabha mein jhuk kar salam karne ke liye bola toh Sambhaji ne iss se inkaar kar diya jipar Aurangzeb ne unki sar dhar se alag karwa di.
Jab Sambhaji ji ki maut ki kharab maratho ko mili toh wo sab ke sab tut gaye aur haar maanne lage the lekin Mughal ko bhagane ke umeed se Sambhaji ke chote bhai Rajaram ko Raja banaya gaya aur unko bola gaya ki team ko aage lekar chaliye. Jab saal 1690 mein Rajaram ne Mughalo par hamla kiya toh iss par sirf kuch sena nhi Mughalo ka kaafi kuch nuksaan hua lekin Aurangzeb ki kismat aachi thi ki wo hamle ke waqt waha nhi tha warna uski maut honi bhi paki thi. Jab maratha ke ministers ko mehsus hua ki Mughal ab Vishalgad par aage badhenge toh unhone jor dekar kaha ki Rajaram Vishalgad ko senaji ke liye chor de jisse pahele hi Shivaji ne apne dakshin ki jeet ke dauraan kabza kar liya tha aur ab ye nayi Maratha ki Rajdhani hogi. Rajaram iss baar bhi bachne mein safal rahe aur Aurangzeb ke haantho se bach nikle jispar Aurangzeb kaafi hadd tak pareshan ho gaya tha. Usne apni adha se jada sena ko maharastra mein chor di aur kuch sena ko Rajaram ko rok kar rakhne ke liye bhej diya. Lekin Vishalgad mein kaafi sena hone ke kaaran Aurangzeb ke senapatiyo ko haar maanna pada baad mein Aurangzeb ko mehsus hua ki usne jis tarah ki ye war sochi thi wo uss se bhi badh kar hua.
Saal 1700 mein Rajaram ji ki maut ho gayi ab unke rajya ko sambhalne ke liye utaradhikari nhi tha toh unki patni Tarabai ne ye kamaan sambhali aur 7 saal tak uss war ko continue rakhi. Satara ki ladai ke baad Aurangzeb ne Deccan se election lada aur Maratha chetr mein gehri khaai se Satara ko jeet liya. Saal 1704 tak Aurangzeb ne jadatar maratha commander ko rishwat dekar toran , rajgad aur kuch muthi bhar fort ko jeet liya tha lekin uske baad Aurangzeb ne apne 4 saal jo ki uske liye bahut kimti the usse barbaad kar diya tha. Usse dheere dheere yeh baat samjh aa gayi thi ki 24 saal se chal rahe war ke baad bhi wah Maratha rajya par kabza karne mein safal kiu nhi hua. Ab war ke kuch last saalo mein maratha ke jawabi hamle ke uttar mein gati pakdi aur Mughal ek ek kar ke haarne lage, ab wo khud ko bachane ke halat mein nhi tha kyunki unke saare ke saare sahi khajane sukh chuke the. Saal 1705 ke annt tak maratho ne aadhe bharat aur gujarat ke Mughal kabze mein parwesh kar liya tha. Nimaji Shinde ne malwa pathar par Mughalo ko haraya aur saal 1706 mein Mughalo ne Maratha ke rajya se piche hatna shuru kar diya tha. Maharashtra mein Aurangzeb hatash ho gaya aur unhone maratho ke sath baat chit shuru ki phir achanak unhone baat ko bich mein chor di aur chote rajya par apni chadai shuru kar di. Aurangzeb ne ab apni saari umeed chor di thi aur Burhanpur jaane ki yojana banai thi. Jadav ne hamla kiya aur apne rearguard ko hara diya lekin Aurangzeb, Zulfikar Khan ki madad se apne destination tak pahuchne mein safal raha aur 21 February saal 1707 mein fever hone ke kaaran uski maut ho gayi.
War khatam hone ke baad saal 1737 mein Delhi ki ladai aur Bhopal ki ladai ke baad maratho ne malwa ko shamil karne ke liye apne chetra ka vistaar kiya aur saal 1775 tak Maratha samrajya Delhi tak pahuch gaya tha. Mughalo ke jitne bhi rajya the usse nast kiya gaya aur usse azaad karwa gaya. Toh ye kahaani ho Sakhti hai Bahubali 3 ki jisme ye dhikhaya ja sakhta hai ki kaise mughlo ne Martha samrajya ki mitaane ki koshish ki lekin wo haar gaya.
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Chandan Pandit
